How Do You Quote Lyrics in a Script? A Comprehensive Guide for Writers
Quoting lyrics in a script can seem straightforward, but there are nuances depending on the context and desired effect. This guide will explore various methods and best practices to ensure your script accurately and effectively integrates song lyrics. Whether you're writing a screenplay, stage play, or even a simple scene, understanding these guidelines is crucial for clarity and legal compliance.
Why Quote Lyrics in a Script?
Before diving into the mechanics, let's consider why you might want to quote lyrics. Common reasons include:
- Establishing Atmosphere: Lyrics can instantly set a mood or tone, conveying emotions more powerfully than dialogue alone.
- Character Development: A character's choice of song can reveal aspects of their personality, background, or current emotional state.
- Plot Advancement: Lyrics can foreshadow events, provide crucial information, or even serve as a dramatic catalyst.
- Adding Authenticity: Using specific lyrics from a recognizable song can add a layer of realism or cultural relevance to your script.
How to Properly Quote Lyrics in Your Script:
The most common and recommended method is to use parenthetical notations within the action lines, followed by the character's singing or humming of the lyrics.
Example:
[SCENE START]
EXT. COFFEE SHOP - DAY
ANNA sits alone, sipping her coffee. She absentmindedly hums to herself.
ANNA (humming)
(She hums a few bars of "Yesterday" by The Beatles)
ANNA
(Sighs) It’s just… hard.
[SCENE END]
This approach clearly indicates that the lyrics are being hummed or sung rather than spoken as dialogue. It also keeps the focus on the action and avoids cluttering the dialogue section.
What if the Lyrics Are Spoken as Dialogue?
If a character is speaking the lyrics as part of their dialogue (perhaps reciting them, quoting them, or incorporating them into their speech), you can format them as regular dialogue:
Example:
[SCENE START]
INT. LIVING ROOM - NIGHT
MARK
You know, I was thinking about that old song… "And though she be but little, she is fierce." That really applies to Sarah, doesn’t it?
[SCENE END]
Here, the lyrics are integrated naturally into the dialogue. Note that no special formatting is needed because the lyrics are not being sung.
How to Handle Extended Musical Sequences:
For longer musical sequences, it might be more efficient to simply indicate the song and leave detailed lyric transcription to the music department. This method is particularly suitable for screenplays.
Example:
[SCENE START]
INT. CONCERT HALL - NIGHT
The band takes the stage and launches into a powerful rendition of "Bohemian Rhapsody" by Queen. The audience is mesmerized.
[SCENE END]
Copyright Considerations:
Using copyrighted material requires careful consideration. Always ensure you have the necessary permissions to include the lyrics in your script. This might involve seeking permission from the copyright holder (usually the publisher or songwriter) or using lyrics that fall under fair use. Fair use is a complex legal concept and it is advisable to seek legal counsel before making assumptions about it.
What about musical cues?
Musical cues can be used to create an atmosphere. The cue is normally placed within parentheses in the stage direction, but the specific music played is the job of whoever prepares the show for performance.
Example:
(SOUND of a mournful accordion)
Should I transcribe the entire song?
Unless the lyrics are central to the plot or character development, it's generally unnecessary to transcribe the entire song. A few bars or a significant line or two will often suffice to convey the necessary information and atmosphere.
What are the different ways to indicate how a song is being used?
You can indicate whether a song is being sung, hummed, played on an instrument, or used as background music by using clear and concise action lines.
By following these guidelines, you can effectively and legally integrate song lyrics into your script, enriching your storytelling and enhancing the overall impact of your work. Remember to always prioritize clarity and legal compliance.
