John Winthrop's "A Model of Christian Charity," delivered aboard the Arbella in 1630, remains a cornerstone of early American history and thought. Its enduring relevance stems from its articulation of a social contract based on Christian principles, shaping the ideals (and, arguably, the contradictions) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. However, citing this influential sermon requires careful attention to detail, especially given the variations in available editions and the nuances of its historical context.
How to Properly Cite "A Model of Christian Charity"
The method of citing "A Model of Christian Charity" depends heavily on the citation style you're using (MLA, Chicago, APA, etc.). However, some fundamental elements remain constant across all styles:
- Author: John Winthrop
- Title: "A Model of Christian Charity" (Note the capitalization and punctuation)
- Date: 1630 (This is the date of the sermon's delivery)
- Source: This is where things get tricky. You need to specify the edition you consulted. Many editions exist, each with its own editor, publication date, and potential variations in the text. Always include the full bibliographic information for the edition you used.
Example Citations:
Here are examples using MLA and Chicago styles. Remember to replace the bracketed information with details from your specific edition:
MLA:
Winthrop, John. "A Model of Christian Charity." [Name of Anthology or Edition], edited by [Editor's Name], [Publisher], [Year], pp. [Page Numbers].
Chicago (Notes and Bibliography):
- John Winthrop, “A Model of Christian Charity,” in [Name of Anthology or Edition], ed. [Editor's Name] ([Publisher]: [Year]), pp. [Page Numbers].
Chicago (Author-Date):
Winthrop, John. 1630. “A Model of Christian Charity.” In [Name of Anthology or Edition], edited by [Editor's Name], [Publisher], [Year], pp. [Page Numbers].
Important Considerations:
- Online Editions: If you're using an online edition, include the URL and the date you accessed the website. Always prioritize reputable online sources like university library digital collections.
- Specific Passages: When quoting, always include page numbers to facilitate accurate location of the passage within the edition you consulted.
- Consistency: Maintain consistency in your citation style throughout your entire work.
Frequently Asked Questions About "A Model of Christian Charity"
Here are some common questions about Winthrop's sermon and how to approach them in your research and writing:
What is the main argument of "A Model of Christian Charity"?
Winthrop's central argument hinges on the concept of a covenant community. He posits that the Massachusetts Bay colonists are bound together by a divine covenant, requiring them to act as a "city upon a hill," a shining example of Christian virtue for the world to emulate. This necessitates mutual charity, love, and sacrifice among the settlers, ensuring the colony's success and reflecting God's grace. He emphasizes the importance of both individual piety and collective responsibility in achieving this ideal.
How does Winthrop define "charity" in his sermon?
Winthrop's "charity" transcends simple benevolence. It encompasses a complex web of social responsibilities rooted in Christian love. It involves selfless service, mutual support within the community, and a recognition of shared humanity. He differentiates between "natural" and "moral" charity, emphasizing the latter as the higher form driven by religious duty and a commitment to the common good.
What are the key themes explored in "A Model of Christian Charity"?
Key themes include: the covenant between God and His people, the importance of community and social cohesion, the concept of a "city upon a hill," the role of charity and mutual assistance, the relationship between the individual and the community, and the idea of a divinely ordained social order.
What are some of the criticisms leveled against "A Model of Christian Charity"?
While celebrated for its ideals, Winthrop's sermon has also faced criticism for its inherent elitism, its justification of social hierarchy, and its potential for exclusion and intolerance. Some argue that its emphasis on community could be interpreted as suppressing individual liberties, while its emphasis on religious conformity led to the persecution of dissenting viewpoints.
By carefully considering these points and consistently applying a chosen citation style, you can confidently cite "A Model of Christian Charity" and contribute to a nuanced understanding of its enduring legacy. Remember to always refer to a style guide for the most accurate and up-to-date citation information.
